you just got unique string name in the world. After you bought a hosting space, you connected your domain name to an IP address. And this connection information was saved in the hosting company's name server (ie. ns1.H.com )'s database. As mentioned before, the name servers are connected. the ns1.H.com will spread the information to neighbor name servers and upper level name server periodly. It may take couple of days to spread to all of the world. When you type your domain name in your web browser, the browser send a domain name lookup request to your ISP's name server. If your ISP's name server knows the information, it will return the IP address to your browser. Otherwise return host unknown.
Just my understanding. May have mistakes.
Just my understanding. May have mistakes.